Steven Lloyd

Senior Research Atmospheric Chemist @KBR Careers

at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, MD

My two projects include: 1) investigating the 34-year continuous satellite record of the Earth\'s reflectivity (Lambertian Equivalent Reflectivity or LER), which has recently been re-calibrated at NASA Goddard. LER represents the planet\'s near-ultraviolet reflectivity as measured by a series of seven NOAA SBUV(/2) ozone satellite instruments from low-Earth orbits. LER can be used as a measure of the combined reflectivity back to space of clouds, aerosols and the surface. Over the entire 34-year dataset, the mean reflectivity of the planet (60N to 60S) has decreased slightly, but varies with location and season. The primary source of this long-term trend in reflectivity is a change in overall cloud reflectivity. This trend is key to understanding a key feedback mechanism (cloud radiative feedback) in the recent trend in increasing mean surface temperatures (enhanced global warming). 2) writing a book on the history of mapping the Earth\'s stratospheric ozone, to be called \"Mapping the Ozone: Episodes in the History of Stratospheric Ozone.\" The book, addressed to a general audience, includes the history of key events that were necessary for humanity to understand the nature and distribution of stratospheric ozone, starting with Benjamin Franklin\'s early experiments on atmospheric electricity and culminating in the develoment and deployment of NASA\'s series of Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) satellite instruments.

Yale University

Bachelor of Arts (B.A.), Chemistry and Religious Studies

Harvard University

Master of Arts (M.A.), History and Philosophy of Science and Technology

Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München

Theology and History of Geophysics

Wayne State University

Junior Year Abroad Program at the University of Munich, Germany, German Language, Theology, Chemistry and Archeology

Harvard University

Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.), Physical Chemistry